Khaberni - The Family Health Care Institute provides readers today, Tuesday, with important information about the irregular menstrual cycle in women, which is a significant indicator of a woman's overall health and reproductive health in particular.
The institute's newsletter clarifies when the menstrual cycle is irregular, the reasons for this irregularity, accompanying symptoms, diagnosis methods, cases in which a doctor should be consulted, treatment methods, and important tips for women.
When the cycle is regular in terms of timing, duration, and amount of bleeding, it often reflects a hormonal balance and healthy ovarian function. However, many women experience irregular menstrual cycles at different stages of their lives, a common occurrence that can cause concern, especially if it persists for a long period or is accompanied by troublesome symptoms.
** What is meant by an irregular menstrual cycle?
The menstrual cycle is considered irregular when:
- It occurs at inconsistent intervals (less than 21 days or more than 35 days).
- It is absent for several consecutive months.
- The duration of bleeding is very short (less than two days) or long (more than 7 days).
- The amount of bleeding is very heavy or too light compared to usual.
- There is bleeding between cycles.
It is important to note that irregular cycles can be normal during certain life stages, such as adolescence or pre-menopause, but in other cases, it may indicate a health problem that requires medical evaluation.
** Common causes of irregular menstrual cycles
There are several reasons for menstrual disorders, including:
1 - Hormonal imbalances
Hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, play a fundamental role in regulating the cycle. Any imbalance in these hormones can lead to menstrual disorders.
2 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
This is a common cause, characterized by irregular ovulation, increased male hormones, and symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth.
3 - Psychological stress and tension
Severe or chronic stress can affect a region in the brain responsible for regulating hormones, which may lead to delayed or absent cycles.
4 - Sudden weight changes
Excessive thinness or obesity can impact ovulation and cycle regularity, especially when accompanied by eating disorders or an unhealthy lifestyle.
5 - Thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can cause significant changes in the menstrual cycle pattern.
6 - Breastfeeding and pregnancy
It is normal for the cycle to be absent during pregnancy, and it may be delayed during breastfeeding due to elevated prolactin hormone levels.
7 - Use of hormonal contraceptives
Some hormonal contraceptives may cause temporary irregularity in the cycle, especially during the first few months of use.
8 - Other reasons
Such as uterine fibroids, infections, chronic diseases, or the use of certain medications.
** Symptoms accompanying an irregular cycle
An irregular menstrual cycle may be accompanied by a range of symptoms, which vary in severity from one woman to another, including:
- Severe pain in the lower abdomen or back.
- Heavy or frequent bleeding.
- General tiredness and fatigue.
- Mood swings and depression.
- Headaches or dizziness.
- Hormonal symptoms such as acne or increased hair growth in undesirable areas.
- Difficulty conceiving in some cases.
** When should a doctor be consulted?
It is advisable to consult a doctor in the following cases:
- Absence of the cycle for more than three months without pregnancy.
- Severe bleeding that requires frequent changing of sanitary pads.
- Bleeding between cycles or after intercourse.
- Severe unusual pain.
- Irregular cycle with the desire to conceive.
- Appearance of other concerning symptoms such as unexplained weight loss or severe hair loss.
** How is the condition diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on:
- Taking a detailed medical history.
- Clinical examination.
- Hormonal tests (such as thyroid, ovarian, and prolactin hormones).
- Ultrasound imaging.
- Sometimes additional tests depending on the case.
** Treatment methods
The treatment of irregular menstrual cycles depends on the underlying cause, and may include:
- Hormonal regulation using appropriate medications.
- Treatment of thyroid disorders.
- Improving lifestyle through healthy nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction.
- Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with integrated programs.
- Treating any accompanying infections or diseases.
In some cases, irregular cycles may not require medical treatment, especially if they are minor or temporary.
** General tips for maintaining a healthy menstrual cycle
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Following a balanced diet.
- Engaging in regular physical activity without excess.
- Avoiding stress and psychological pressure as much as possible.
- Regular medical follow-ups, especially in the presence of abnormal symptoms.
