Khaberni - Dr. Dmitry Bolanov reported that bronchial asthma still remains one of the most underestimated chronic diseases, often because its early symptoms are mixed up with colds or stress responses.
He explained that asthma is a chronic inflammation in the airways, making them highly sensitive to external irritants. He said:
"Breathing becomes difficult, symptoms of breathlessness, wheezing, and a feeling of heaviness in the chest appear. In the early stages, these changes are completely reversible, but if left untreated for a long time, they may lead to the remodeling of the airways and the appearance of structural deformities that are difficult to correct. Patients feel that the disease 'always accompanies them,' yet modern treatments enable them to live an active and unrestricted life."
He pointed out that the development of the disease is influenced by several factors, including genetics and environment, such as exposure to polluted air, tobacco smoke, recurrent infections in childhood, and chemical irritants at work. Additionally, allergies play a significant role, where the immune system may consider familiar substances a threat, leading to bronchial spasms.
He emphasized that triggers are very diverse, from house dust to psychological stress, which sometimes leads to asthma being misdiagnosed as bronchitis or a chronic cold. He added that diagnosis cannot solely rely on symptoms but requires pulmonary function testing and allergy diagnosis.
About the treatment, Dr. Bolanov said:
"The treatment focuses on controlling inflammation, and inhalation of corticosteroids is considered fundamental, as they reduce inflammation in the airway walls, limit hyperresponsiveness, and prevent exacerbation of the condition. Depending on the severity of the disease, bronchodilators, leukotriene antagonists, or biological therapy may be added. A common mistake is to only use the 'rescue' inhaler, as it temporarily relieves symptoms without treating the underlying inflammation."
He added that successful treatment largely depends on the patient, through following the doctor's instructions, minimizing exposure to allergens, and quitting smoking. It is also crucial to immediately monitor any deterioration in health condition and determine the appropriate measures for each case.
