Khaberni - Despite being in use for decades, the drug Metformin continues to attract the attention of researchers as its applications expand to include multiple medical fields.
Metformin (Metformin) is one of the most impactful drugs of the last century; since its adoption in the 1950s as a primary treatment for Type 2 diabetes, this drug continues to demonstrate high efficacy, with ongoing research trends toward its use in multiple medical areas including aging, cancer, and fertility.
According to Science Alert, the origins of Metformin trace back to the plant known as «French lilac», also known as «goat's rue», which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat diabetes symptoms.
In the early 20th century, scientists succeeded in extracting sugar-lowering compounds from this plant, leading to the current pharmaceutical form of Metformin as a safe and effective drug that helps the body improve insulin response and reduce glucose production in the liver.
Thanks to its medical reputation, doctors have prescribed it «off-label» to treat other conditions, most notably:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): It contributes to improving insulin sensitivity, which helps reduce male hormone levels and regulate the menstrual cycle.
Aging and Longevity: Studies continue on its potential impact in protecting the nervous system, although conclusive evidence is still lacking on its ability to slow aging in humans.
Although considered safe in most cases, Metformin can cause some side effects such as digestive system disturbances and vitamin B12 deficiency, which may cause anemia or nerve problems over time.
Doctors also warn of a rare and serious condition known as «Lactic Acidosis», especially in patients suffering from kidney or liver diseases.
In a new development in 2026, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence updated its treatment guidelines, recommending combining Metformin with newer drugs like (SGLT-2 inhibitors) from the early stages of treatment, aiming to enhance cardiac and renal protection.
Despite its long history, Metformin remains a cornerstone in modern medical practice, due to its effectiveness and affordability, alongside its adaptability to modern treatment strategies that rely on customizing care according to each patient's condition.
