Scientific research has revealed that genetic factors play a much larger role than previously believed, in the development of painful gout, challenging the common idea that primarily associates the disease with an unhealthy lifestyle.
A research team analyzed massive genetic data including 2.6 million people, among them more than 120,000 affected by gout. By comparing the genetic codes, scientists identified 377 regions in the DNA associated with an increased risk, 149 of which were previously unknown.
Professor Tony Merriman, an epidemiologist from the University of Otago in New Zealand, described the findings, saying: "Gout is a chronic disease with a strong genetic basis, and it's not the patient's fault. We need to dispel the myth that it's solely caused by diet or lifestyle".
Gout occurs when uric acid levels in the blood rise, forming sharp crystals in the joints that cause severe pain when attacked by the immune system. The research showed that genes affect every stage of this process, especially in how the immune response and transport of uric acid in the body.
Despite the availability of effective treatments, researchers warn that the social stigma associated with the disease prevents many affected from seeking proper treatment.
Merriman stated: "These misconceptions cause embarrassment, which leads some to suffer in silence instead of getting the preventive medications that could prevent pain".
The research team hopes that these discoveries will lead to the development of new, more effective treatments, noting that some existing drugs might be repurposed to treat gout.
The study was published in the journal Nature Genetics, and it represents an important step in understanding a disease that humanity has suffered from for centuries, opening new possibilities for improving the lives of millions affected by it around the world.
