Khaberni - Humans around the world ingest up to 3.8 trillion doses of medication annually, most in the form of pills that are swallowed for their ease of use and relative safety. However, what many do not realize is that these pills, which we consider to be safe, can turn into a source of severe pain and serious complications if they get stuck in the esophagus.
Professor of Anatomy Adam Taylor from Lancaster University explains on the site "Science Alert" that this condition is known as drug-induced esophagitis, and it occurs when a tablet or capsule gets stuck in the lower part of the esophagus near the stomach. When they dissolve there, their concentrated chemical components – often acidic or alkaline – are released directly onto the delicate tissue lining the esophagus, causing rapid chemical burns, inflammation, and sharp pain.
Despite few reports, studies suggest that the occurrence rate is about 3.9 cases per 100,000 people annually. Mild cases usually heal on their own without the need for medical care, leading to underreporting.
Mid-aged women are among the most affected groups, due to their increased consumption of medications, especially those related to bone health. The elderly are also a high-risk group due to age-related changes that slow down the movement of the esophagus. Even children are not immune to the risk, due to the small size of the esophagus and sometimes difficulty in swallowing.
It's not just strong medications that are responsible; some of the most common ones can also cause damage. Bisphosphonates used to treat osteoporosis are at the forefront, followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, and antibiotics like tetracycline.
Over-the-counter dietary supplements and vitamins can also be a risk factor. Caffeine tablets, potassium supplements, and high-dose vitamins C and E have been linked to cases of esophagitis.
The symptoms are usually similar to heartburn but more severe, including sharp pain behind the breastbone, difficulty or pain when swallowing, and sudden hoarseness. In rare and untreated cases, the ulcers can worsen and lead to a tear in the wall of the esophagus and severe infection.
Experts recommend simple yet effective habits to avoid this problem, including taking medication with a full glass of water to push the pill straight to the stomach. It is also advised not to lie down immediately after taking the medication, and not to take several pills together.
Most mild cases heal within days or weeks after stopping the offending medication. However, vigilance and consulting a doctor as soon as persistent symptoms appear are crucial steps to avoid any worsening of the condition.
